- Two Chemicals A And B Are Combined To Form A Chemical
- A Compound C Is Formed When Two Chemicals A And B Are Combined
- Two Chemicals A And B Are Combined To Form A Chemical C
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds. A chemical element bonded to an identical chemical element is not a chemical compound since only one element, not two different elements, is involved.
There are four types of compounds, depending on how the constituent atoms are held together:
- molecules held together by covalent bonds
- ionic compounds held together by ionic bonds
- intermetallic compounds held together by metallic bonds
- certain complexes held together by coordinate covalent bonds.
A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, using the standard abbreviations for the chemical elements, and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms involved. For example, water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom: the chemical formula is H2O. Many chemical compounds have a unique numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS): its CAS number.
A compound can be converted to a different chemical composition by interaction with a second chemical compound via a chemical reaction. In this process, bonds between atoms are broken in both of the interacting compounds, and then bonds are reformed so that new associations are made between atoms.
Pure water (H2O) is an example of a compound: the ball-and-stick model of the molecule (above) shows the spatial association of two parts hydrogen (white) and one part(s) oxygen (red) |
- 2Types
Definitions[edit]
Any substance consisting of two or more different types of atoms (chemical elements) in a fixed stoichiometric proportion can be termed a chemical compound; the concept is most readily understood when considering pure chemical substances.[1]:15[2][3] It follows from their being composed of fixed proportions of two or more types of atoms that chemical compounds can be converted, via chemical reaction, into compounds or substances each having fewer atoms.[4] The ratio of each element in the compound is expressed in a ratio in its chemical formula.[5] A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, using the standard abbreviations for the chemical elements, and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms involved. For example, water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom: the chemical formula is H2O. In the case of non-stoichiometric compounds, the proportions may be reproducible with regard to their preparation, and give fixed proportions of their component elements, but proportions that are not integral [e.g., for palladium hydride, PdHx (0.02 < x < 0.58)].[6]
Chemical compounds have a unique and defined chemical structure held together in a defined spatial arrangement by chemical bonds. Chemical compounds can be molecular compounds held together by covalent bonds, salts held together by ionic bonds, intermetallic compounds held together by metallic bonds, or the subset of chemical complexes that are held together by coordinate covalent bonds.[7] Pure chemical elements are generally not considered chemical compounds, failing the two or more atom requirement, though they often consist of molecules composed of multiple atoms (such as in the diatomic molecule H2, or the polyatomic molecule S8, etc.).[7] Many chemical compounds have a unique numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS): its CAS number.
There is varying and sometimes inconsistent nomenclature differentiating substances, which include truly non-stoichiometric examples, from chemical compounds, which require the fixed ratios. Many solid chemical substances—for example many silicate minerals—are chemical substances, but do not have simple formulae reflecting chemically bonding of elements to one another in fixed ratios; even so, these crystalline substances are often called 'non-stoichiometric compounds'. It may be argued that they are related to, rather than being chemical compounds, insofar as the variability in their compositions is often due to either the presence of foreign elements trapped within the crystal structure of an otherwise known true chemical compound, or due to perturbations in structure relative to the known compound that arise because of an excess of deficit of the constituent elements at places in its structure; such non-stoichiometric substances form most of the crust and mantle of the Earth. Other compounds regarded as chemically identical may have varying amounts of heavy or light isotopes of the constituent elements, which changes the ratio of elements by mass slightly.
Types[edit]
Molecules[edit]
Ionic compounds[edit]
Intermetallic compounds[edit]
Complexes[edit]
Bonding and forces[edit]
Compounds are held together through a variety of different types of bonding and forces. The differences in the types of bonds in compounds differ based on the types of elements present in the compound.
London dispersion forces are the weakest force of all intermolecular forces. They are temporary attractive forces that form when the electrons in two adjacent atoms are positioned so that they create a temporary dipole. Additionally, London dispersion forces are responsible for condensing non polar substances to liquids, and to further freeze to a solid state dependent on how low the temperature of the environment is.[8]
A covalent bond, also known as a molecular bond, involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Primarily, this type of bond occurs between elements that fall close to each other on the periodic table of elements, yet it is observed between some metals and nonmetals. This is due to the mechanism of this type of bond. Elements that fall close to each other on the periodic table tend to have similar electronegativities, which means they have a similar affinity for electrons. Since neither element has a stronger affinity to donate or gain electrons, it causes the elements to share electrons so both elements have a more stable octet.
Ionic bonding occurs when valence electrons are completely transferred between elements. Opposite to covalent bonding, this chemical bond creates two oppositely charged ions. The metals in ionic bonding usually lose their valence electrons, becoming a positively charged cation. The nonmetal will gain the electrons from the metal, making the nonmetal a negatively charged anion. As outlined, ionic bonds occur between an electron donor, usually a metal, and an electron acceptor, which tends to be a nonmetal.[9]
Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom forms an electrostatic connection with another electronegative atom through interacting dipoles or charges.[10][11][12][13]
Reactions[edit]
A compound can be converted to a different chemical composition by interaction with a second chemical compound via a chemical reaction. In this process, bonds between atoms are broken in both of the interacting compounds, and then bonds are reformed so that new associations are made between atoms. Schematically, this reaction could be described as AB + CD → AD + CB, where A, B, C, and D are each unique atoms; and AB, AD, CD, and CB are each unique compounds.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Whitten, Kenneth W.; Davis, Raymond E.; Peck, M. Larry (2000), General Chemistry (6th ed.), Fort Worth, TX: Saunders College Publishing/Harcourt College Publishers, ISBN978-0-03-072373-5
- ^Brown, Theodore L.; LeMay, H. Eugene; Bursten, Bruce E.; Murphy, Catherine J.; Woodward, Patrick (2013), Chemistry: The Central Science (3rd ed.), Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson/Prentice Hall, pp. 5–6, ISBN9781442559462
- ^Hill, John W.; Petrucci, Ralph H.; McCreary, Terry W.; Perry, Scott S. (2005), General Chemistry (4th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, p. 6, ISBN978-0-13-140283-6, archived from the original on 2009-03-22
- ^Wilbraham, Antony; Matta, Michael; Staley, Dennis; Waterman, Edward (2002), Chemistry (1st ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, p. 36, ISBN978-0-13-251210-7
- ^'Chemical compound'. ScienceDaily. Archived from the original on 2017-09-13. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
- ^Manchester, F. D.; San-Martin, A.; Pitre, J. M. (1994). 'The H-Pd (hydrogen-palladium) System'. Journal of Phase Equilibria. 15: 62–83. doi:10.1007/BF02667685.Phase diagram for Palladium-Hydrogen System
- ^ abAtkins, Peter; Jones, Loretta (2004). Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight. W.H. Freeman. ISBN978-0-7167-5701-6.
- ^'London Dispersion Forces'. www.chem.purdue.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
- ^'Ionic and Covalent Bonds'. Chemistry LibreTexts. 2013-10-02. Archived from the original on 2017-09-13. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
- ^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the 'Gold Book') (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) 'hydrogen bond'. doi:10.1351/goldbook.H02899
- ^'Hydrogen Bonds'. chemistry.elmhurst.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-11-19. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ^'Hydrogen Bonding'. www.chem.purdue.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-08-08. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ^'intermolecular bonding – hydrogen bonds'. www.chemguide.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
Further reading[edit]
- Robert Siegfried (2002), From elements to atoms: a history of chemical composition, American Philosophical Society, ISBN978-0-87169-924-4
External links[edit]
Look up chemical compound in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chemical compounds. |
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chemical_compound&oldid=904328685'
When determining the formula for a compound suppose element A has a valence number of 3 and element B has a valence number of 2 if the two elements combine what subscript will b have?
Compound would look like this. A2B3 A = 6 total valance ( two atoms ) B = 6 total valance ( three atoms )
Suppose you have a pure substance. How can you tell whether it is a compound or a element?
Compounds, when heated, will decompose, and break down into the elements which they consist of. Elements do not decompose. Plant vs zombie download.
Which compound led to discovery of the compound of noble gas?
I suppose that this compound is xenon difluoride - XeF2.
When determining the formula for a compound it is important to know the valence numbers of each element Suppose that element A has a valence number of 3 and element?
Presuming that Element B has valency of 2, then the resulting compound will most probably be 2 atoms of element A for every 3 atoms of element B.
Is ironIIhydroxide covalent or ionic?
What is the comound name for cl4f7?
What is the name of this ionic compound TiNO32?
The name may be be titanium(II) nitrate but I suppose that this compound doesn't exist.
What does it mean for a subscript to be out-of -bounds?
This is a type of error that usually occurs in computer programs. An array is defined in which the elements of the array are identified by one or more subscripts. Suppose you have an array which is declared to be of dimension 23. Then if the program tries to access element 26 in that array, it cannot because there is no element of the array in that position. That is when you will get this… Read More
Can kosher salt be used for canning?
I suppose that is possible - the chemical compound is sodium chloride.
What is the pure substance when a fixed ratio is formed?
I suppose that you think to a stoichiometric chemical compound.
What is the chemical name for the compound with the formula NA S?
I suppose that you think to Na2S - sodium sulfide.
What is the chemical formula for heptiodine monochloride?
This formula may be I7Cl but I suppose that this compound doesn't exist.
Suppose an element x is in group 2a and an element y is in group 7a the empirical formula for the compound between x and y?
Suppose you encounter a chemical formula with H as the cation What do you know about this compound immediately?
What is the correct formula for compound interest?
Suppose the amount invested (or borrowed) is K, Suppose the rate of interest is R% annually, Suppose the amount accrues interest for Y years. Then the interest I is 100*K[(1 + R/100)^Y - 1]
What do plasmodium eat?
I suppose they eat, along organic matter, inorganic elements like arsenic
A contains a variety of elements and compounds that are not chemically combined with each other.?
Who did the maiden classification on compounds based on their chemical properties?
I suppose that you think to chemical elements, not to compounds. Dimitri Mendeleev is credited for the creation of the periodic table of elements.
What s the name of molecular geometry exhibited in a krypton dibromide molecule?
I suppose that this compound is not obtained up today.
What is the sum of atomic mass?
I suppose that you think to atomic weights (not mass) of chemical elements and the molecular mass.
Elements and compounds make a large class of matter known as?
I suppose that you think to the solid state of matter.
What element is most commonly found as part of a compound with polonium?
The chemistry of polonium is not known in details but I suppose that this element is oxygen.
Which potassium salt K is the most soluble at 40 C and 80 C?
I suppose that this compound is potassium carbonate, K2CO3.
What does a subscript term mean?
A subscript is just a tool used to define a variable such as if you were give a trapazoid, (with two bases) you could label them b sub1 and bsub2 --------------------------------- Suppose you have a variable, such as the mass of an object. We usually denote this with something like m. However, if we were working on a problem involving several masses, we cannot use m for each ones. Therefore, we insert subscripts such as… Read More
What is the shorthand notation for a compound?
I suppose that you think to a chemical formula. Example: table salt (sodium chloride) has the chemical formula NaCl.
Why do onions smell like they do?
I suppose that this compound is syn-propanethial-S-oxide. Other organic compounds of sulfur exist in onions.
What is the formula for manganese(VI) chloride?
Very probable this compound doesn't exist. I suppose that you think to MnCl2 or MnCl3.
Why do you suppose that the word periodic is used to describe the periodic table?
The way the elements are sorted are by block and period. Hence periodic.
What is a complement subset and intersection of sets?
Suppose A is a subset of S. Lord of the rings trilogy download torrent. Then the complement of subset A in S consists of all elements of S that are not in A. The intersection of two sets A and B consists of all elements that are in A as well as in B.
What kind of elements never exist alone?
I suppose that the question refers to chemical elements and their natural state. Indeed, some elements cannot be found 'alone' (i.e., not combined) in natural state. This applies to the most reactive elements, such as fluorine (gas), chlorine (gas), sodium (alkali metal), etc.
In a mixture elements or compounds are blended without a chemical reaction?
yes and no because they all are suppose to have a chemial reaction SO the answer is TRUE
Is jello an element or substance?
well it isn't an element. an element is one of the 118 current elements on the periodic table. its a substance i suppose
What name is given to elements bordering the zig-zag line that runs diagonally from aluminium to ununoctium?
Can Venus explod?
That's an odd question. a suppose it could explode if given the necessary elements and time.. but i doubt that would happen.
What is a household compound machine that can fit in a backpack other than a nut cracker and a can opener?
A corkscrew..although I suppose it would have to be the type with levers at the sides, in addition to the screw, to be considered a 'compound' machine. Then again, if a nutcracker is considered 'compound', that opens the door for cheese graters, garlic presses and pepper mills.
Is there a plural for suppose?
The verb form 'to suppose' used for a plural subject is suppose, for example: We suppose.. You suppose.. They suppose.. The students suppose..
How is correct tilleintricho or trichotillein?
This word is not in my Liddel and Scott, but since -ein is an infinitive ending, and tricho- is the compound form, my guess is trichotillein, meaning (I suppose) to pluck the hair out. Simcity 3000 download free.
How can you use suppose in a sentence?
What do you suppose he will do? I suppose he didn't mean to kill her. Suppose that he wins the election
Suppose you stir a little baking soda into water until the water looks clear again How could you prove to someone that the clear material is a solution not a compound?
If you evaporated the water then the baking soda would be left which states its a solution. If nothing is left then it is a compound. Hope this helped :)
Why its melting point of acetalinide is above 116 after recrystallization?
5) Listed below are solubility vs temperature data for an organic compound in water. temp. sol. in 10 mL water 0 0.15 g 20 0.30 g 40 0.65 g 60 1.10 g 80 1.70 g a. Using the data in the above table, graph the solubility of the compound vs temperature. Connect the data points with a smooth curve. b. Suppose 0.1 g of this compound is mixed with 1.0 mL of water and heated… Read More
Two Chemicals A And B Are Combined To Form A Chemical
What is element of love?
Love is not an element, it is a compound formed largely from slush. I suppose diamonds signify love (in marriage), so it would have to be carbon. Although gold might be a close second.
Suppose that aqueous solutions of barium nitrate and potassium carbonate are mixed What is the name of the compound or compounds that precipitate?
It's Barium Carbonate. Due to the solubilty rules, nitrates and chlorates are soluble.
How is iron made from iron oxide?
Iron oxide is a chemical compound made of iron ore and oxygen, otherwise known as hematite. I suppose you would smelt this to get the ore and produce iron from it.
Can you use the word suppose in a sentence?
How do you suppose we are going to do this. I suppose that would be easy to do.
A Compound C Is Formed When Two Chemicals A And B Are Combined
Suppose that each year one half of the population have two offspring per person and the other half have none If all members die after one year what is the resulting growth rate?
Two Chemicals A And B Are Combined To Form A Chemical C
PH mitric method for determination of stability constant?
Yes it can be determined by monitoring the change of the pH with time. Suppose you have a compound that is almost constant upto certain time but after some time the pH is getting decreased .So this is the point where your compound is degrading so at that pH calculate pKa and from there the stability constant.
What is tracking the path and constructing a periodic table?
suppose a new element X is known.it forms a compuond with chlorine,and the formula of this compound is XCL. what group or family do youm think this element would belong?
Color of magnesium chloride?
Is the word suppose an adjective?
Do plants produce food from the sand they grow with?
Not all plants grow in sand. Plants produce food from a combination of elements in their environment, including sunlight, water, and nutrients in the soil (or sand, I suppose).